Aide:Sauvegarde du site Plongeplo

Cette page est pour les administrateurs du site.

Cette procédure ( sauvegarde ou backup ) est recommandée régulièrement et surtout avant une Mise à jour de MediaWiki

As with all such systems, it is important to make regular backups of the data in your wiki. This page provides an overview of the backup process for a typical MediaWiki wiki; you will probably want to devise your own backup scripts or schedule to suit the size of your wiki and your individual needs.

Overview

MediaWiki stores important data in two places:

Database

Pages and their contents, users and their preferences, metadata, search index, etc.

File System

Software configuration files, custom skins, extensions, images (inc. deleted images) etc.

Mettre le site en lecture seule

Consider making the Wiki read-only before creating the backup -This makes sure all parts of your backup are consistent.

If set to a string (e.g., in LocalSettings.php), $wgReadOnly disallows editing, displaying the string given as the reason.

$wgReadOnly = 'site maintenance';

The above example locks the database and provides a default statement on edit pages and also gives the included string 'site maintenance' as an explanation for why the database was locked.

Database

Most of the critical data in the wiki is stored in the database, which is typically straightforward to back up. When using the MySQL backend (default), various utilities are available to assist with "dumping" the database into a file, that is, generating a script file which can be used to recreate the database and all data in it from scratch if needed.

For example, the MySQL dump tool is a command-line application which can produce a dump file given the name of the database(s) to back up. Behaviour can be altered using standard parameters which will customise the output file format, for example, setting the character encoding.

A sample command that you may run from a crontab may look like this:

/usr/bin/nice -n 19 /usr/bin/mysqldump -u $USER --password=$PASSWORD $DATABASE -c 
| /usr/bin/nice -n 19 /bin/gzip -9 > ~/backup/wiki-$DATABASE-$(date '+%Y%m%d').sql.gz

Use valid values for $USER, $PASSWORD, $DATABASE. This will write a backup file with the weekday in the filename so you would have a rolling set of backups. If you want to save the files and extensions as well, you might want to use this one.

Character set

Attention:

In some common configurations of MySQL 4.1 and later, mysqldump can corrupt MediaWiki's stored text. If your database's character set is set to "latin1" rather than "UTF-8", mysqldump in 4.1+ will apply a character set conversion step which can corrupt text containing non-English characters as well as punctuation like "smart quotes" and long dashes used in English text.

You can see which character set your tables are using with a mysql statement like SHOW CREATE TABLE text; (including the semicolon). The last line will include a DEFAULT CHARSET clause.

If the last line does not include a DEFAULT CHARSET clause then there is another way if you know that nobody has changed the character set of the database server since it was installed and the wiki's database was created using the default character set of the database. The STATUS command displays the database server's default character set next to Server characterset:. Here is an example output:

mysql> status
- - - - - - - - -
mysql  Ver 12.22 Distrib 4.0.20a, for Win95/Win98 (i32)

Connection id:          13601
Current database:
Current user:           root@localhost
SSL:                    Not in use
Server version:         4.0.20a-nt
Protocol version:       10
Connection:             localhost via TCP/IP
Client characterset:    latin1
Server characterset:    latin1
TCP port:               3306
Uptime:                 27 days 4 hours 58 min 26 sec

Use the option --default-character-set=latin1 on the mysqldump command line to avoid the conversion if you find it set to "latin1".

Like this:

/usr/bin/nice -n 19 /usr/bin/mysqldump -u $USER -p$PASSWORD --default-character-set=$CHARSET $DATABASE -c 
| /usr/bin/nice -n 19 /bin/gzip -9 > ~/backup/wiki-sql-$(date '+%a').sql.gz

File system

MediaWiki stores other components of the wiki in the file system where this is more appropriate than insertion into the database, for example, site configuration files (LocalSettings.php, AdminSettings.php), image files (including deleted images, thumbnails and rendered math and SVG images, if applicable), skin customisations, extension files, etc.

The best method to back these up is to place them into an archive file, such as a .tar file, which can then be compressed if desired. On Windows, applications such as WinZip can be used if preferred.

XML dump

It is also a good idea to create an XML dump in addition to the database dump. XML dumps contain the content of the wiki (wiki pages with all their revisions), without the site-related data (it does not contain user accounts, image metadata, logs, etc). XML dumps are independent of the database structure, and can be imported into future (and even past) versions of MediaWiki. They are also less likely to cause problems with character encoding, and can readily be processed by third party tools, which makes them a good fallback should your main database dump become unusable, and also as a means of redistributing content en masse.

To create an XML dump, use the command-line tool dumpBackup.php, located in the maintenance directory of your MediaWiki installation. Run the command as php dumpBackup.php without any arguments to display a brief description of the syntax. You need to specify whether you want a full dump of the complete history of every page, or just the current contents of each page.

If an attempt to use dumpBackup.php fails, see if creating an AdminSettings.php file solves the problem.

You can also create an XML dump for a specific set of pages online, using the Special:Export, although attempting to dump large quantities of pages through this interface will usually time out.

To import an XML dump into a wiki, use the command-line tool importDump.php. For a small set of pages, you can also use the Special:Import page via your browser (per default, this is restricted to the sysop group). As an alternative to dumpBackup.php and importDump.php, you can use MWDumper, which is faster, but requires a Java runtime environment. See Manual:Importing XML dumps for more information.

Scripts

Attention:

Use these at your own risk.

• Unofficial backup script by User:Duesentrieb: [1]; creates a backup of all files, a database dump, and an xml dump.
  • Unofficial backup script by User:Duesentrieb, but modified by User:Kaotic/WikiBackup
• Unofficial backup script by Flominator: User:Flominator/Backup MW; creates a backup of all files and the database, with optional backup rotation.
• Unofficial web-based backup script mw_tools by Wanglong (allwiki.com); you can use it to backup your database, or use the backup files to recover the database, the operation is very easy.

External links

• Siteground: MySQL Export: How to backup phpMyAdmin database